• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A method of producing F1 hybrid seeds, comprises selecting long-styled flower plants from a group of plants showing a heteromorphic self-incompatibility; placing the selected long-styled flower plants in an isolated condition; conducting an artificial pollination or natural hybridization to effect a predetermined hybridization so as to breed a line consisting only of long-styled flower plants;conducting artificially or naturally a further hybridization within the above line under a condition where this line is isolated from other lines;proliferating seeds so as to produce a seed parent line consisting only of long-styled flower plants;planting a seed parent line (line A) consisting only of long-styled flower plants; planting, in the vicinity of line A, another line (line B) consisting only of short-styled flower plants or consisting of both the short-styled flower plants and long-styled flower plants; harvesting seeds of line A fertilized by pollen of line B, thereby producing F1 hybrid seeds through hybridization between line A and line B.
    公开号:CA2264971A1
    申请号:C2264971
    申请日:1999-03-08
    公开日:2000-02-04
    发明作者:Hideyuki Funatsuki；Masamichi Agatsuma；Wakako Maruyama
    申请人:JAPAN AS REPRESENTED BY DIRECTOR GENERAL OF HOKKAIDO NATIONAL AGRICULTUR AL EXPERIMENT STATION；
    IPC主号:A01H1-02
    专利说明:
    TITLE OF THE INVENTION Method of Producing F1 Hybrid Seeds BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method of producing F, hybrid seeds for plants which show a heteromorphic self-incompatibility. For a long time, an agricultural technique called F1 hybrid, which is generally for use in treating allogamous plants, has been proved to be quite effective in plant breeding. Particularly, this technique has been proved to be extremely useful for obtaining elite varieties for allogamous crops such as corn and rape seed. For this reason, it has long been demanded to establish a practically useful technique for effectively obtaining F1 hybrid seeds . To establish such technique, what has been most generally used is cytoplasmic male sterility line. But, a problem with such technique is that it is often difficult to find cytoplasms that induce male sterility in many kinds of plants . In order to solve this problem, there has been suggested a method of producing F1 hybrid seeds by making use of an incompatibility. This method has been practically used in a process of plant breeding, particularly for producing improved varieties for several sorts of vegetables belonging to Brassica species, such as cabbage which shows homomorphic self-incompatibility. Onthe otherhand, itis allowed to consider using a method of producing F1 hybrid seeds for plants which show a heteromorphic self-incompatibility. However, at present, there is still not any practically usable method which can be employed to obtain F1 hybrid seeds in a large amount suitable for an industrial purpose. One of the reasons for this situation is that there is still not a industrially useful method for producing a line consisting only of long-styled flower plants or short-styled flower plants. According to research in the field of fertilization physiology, it is known that a small amount of hybrid seeds are obtainable in an experiment where a mating process is conducted among long-styledflower plants by way of manual operation, but such mating process is not suitable for breeding a line consisting only of long-styled flower plants which is ready for industrial seed production. At present, as a practically usable method for obtaining F1 hybrid seeds at an experiment level, a mating process is conducted among different lines through manual operation. Alternatively, long-styled flower plants or short-styled flower plants are moved from a group consisting of one line, and then subjected to pollination of pollens from other lines by way of pollinators. However, the above methods have been proved to be too high in cost because they need a lot of labours in the production of a large amount of F, hybrid seeds, thus they are not suitable for an industrial purpose. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONIt is an obj ect of the present invention to provide an improved method of producing F1 hybrid seeds for plants which show a heteromorphic self-incompatibility, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems peculiar to the above-mentioned prior arts. According to the present invention, there is provided a method of producing F1 hybrid seeds for plants showing a heteromorphic self-incompatibility, said method comprising the steps of : selecting long-styled flower plants from a group of plants showing a heteromorphic self-incompatibility; placing the selected long-styled flower plants in an isolated condition; conducting an artificial pollination or natural hybridization to effect a predetermined hybridization so as to breed a line consisting only of long-styledflower plants; conducting artificially or naturally a further hybridization within the above line under a condition where this line is isolated from other lines; proliferating seeds so as to produce a seed parent line consisting only of long-styled flower plants; planting a seed parent line (line A) consisting only of long-styled flower plants;planting, in the vicinity of line A, another line (line B) consisting only of short-styled flower plants or consisting of both the short-styled flower plants and long-styled flower plants; harvesting seeds of line Afertilized by pollen of line B, thereby producing F1 hybrid seeds through hybridization between line A and line B. In one aspect of the present invention, the plants showing a heteromorphic self-incompatibility include several cultivars of buckwheat. In detail, the several cultivars of buckwheat include Kitawasesoba, Kitayuki, Botansoba, Shinanonatsusoba, Shatilovskaya 5, Ballada, Sumchanka. The above objects and features of the present invention will become better understood from the following description with reference to the accompanying Tables. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The methods according to the present invention may be described in detail in the following. Brief Description of the Present Inven ion At first, long-styled flower plants are selected from a group of plants showing a heteromorphic self-incompatibility and are placed in an isolated condition. Then, artificial pollination or natural hybridization is conducted to effect a desired hybridization so as to breed a line consisting only of long-styled flower plants. Further, under a condition where this line is isolated from other lines, a further hybridization is conducted artificially or under a natural condition, thereby proliferating seeds so as to produce a seed parent line consisting only of long-styled flower plants. Further, according to the present invention, a seed parent line (line A) consisting only of long styled flower plants are planted. Then, in the vicinity of line A, are planted another line (line B) consisting only of short-styled flower plants or consisting of both the short-styled flower plants and long-styled flower plants. Finally, seeds of line Afertilized by pollen of line B are harvested, thereby producing F1 hybrid seeds through hybridization between line A and line B. Experiments Embodvinc~ the Present Invention At first, short-styled flower plants were removed from a group of Kitawasesoba plants (a cultivar of buckwheat showing a heteromorphic self-incompatibility), so that only long-styled flower plants were left. Then, the long-styled flower plants were covered with a cage so that they were completely isolated from the surrounding environment. Afterwards, some pollinators were introduced into the same cage. In this way, a desired hybridization happened, and seeds were produced to an extent which was 1/4 of an amount obtainable under a common cultivation condition. Then, the produced seeds were harvested and sowed, and it was found that next generation were all long-styled flower plants. Further, under a natural condition, the above plants were placed on a field away from other buckwheat lines, and it was found that a predetermined hybridization happened and seeds were produced, thereby producing a seed parent line consisting only of long-styled flower plants . It is understood from the above process that it is possible to breed a line consisting only of long-styled flower plants in a large scale suitable for industrial purpose. After some similar experiments were conducted on other six kinds of buckwheat produced at home and abroad, it was also found possible to produce seeds by hybridization among only long-styled flower plants, thereby producing seed parent lines consisting only of long-styled flower plants. Further, a group of Kitawasesoba individuals consisting only of long-styled flower plants were planted at different distances from a group of Kitawasesoba individuals containing both the short styled flower plants and long-styled flower plants. It was found that a seed formation rate would decrease if there was an increase in a distance between any one individual of the former group (group of Kitawasesoba individuals consisting only of long-styled flower plants) and the later group (a group of Kitawasesoba individuals containing short-styled flower plants or containing both the short-styled flower plants and long-styled flower plants). Namely, the farther away a former group is from the later group, the lower a seed formation rate will be. But, it was proved that seeds were produced on all the test individuals.l When an investigation was made into the style of a next generation, it was found that long-styled flower plants and the short-styled flower plants were appearing with a ratio of 1:1. It is clearly understood from this fact that pollination from short-styled flower is possible, and that almost all the groups each consisting only of long-styledflower plants may be fertilized by pollens from short-styled flower plants. As understood from the above description, with the use of the present invention, if a line (line A) consisting only of long-styled flower plants is bred and another line (line B) containing short-styled flower plants is cultivated in the vicinity of the line A, it is possible to produce a large amount of F1 hybrid seeds at an industrial level. Heteromorph;c Self-incompatib;lit~ A self-incompatibility means a phenomenon where although two plants have normal male and female sexual organs and self-pollination is conducted, no fertilization is effected. Heteromorphic self incompatibility meansa phenomenon in which althoughthere are existing long-styled flower plants (having long styles and short filaments) and short-styled flower plants (having short styles and long filaments), no seeds are produced during a mating process between two plants having the same type flowers. In fact, long-styled flower plants are homozygotes with recessive gene "s", while short-styled flower plants are heterozygotes with recessive gene "s" and dominant gene "S". During a hybridization process between such long-styled flower plants and short-styled flower plants, ss and Ss will appear in a ratio of 1:1. Usually, long-styled flower plants and short-styled flower plants are maintained at a ratio of 1:1. But, if a hybridization process is conducted among a group consisting only of long-styled flower plants, next and coming generations will all become long-styled flower plants .1 hybrid When a mating process is conducted between two differentself-fertilizationlines (orinbreeding lines), it is allowed to obtain hybrid seeds during such mating process. The obtained hybrid seeds may then be bred so as to produce hybrid plants which are called hereby F1 hybrid. Recently, for cross-fertilization crops such as corn or some other vegetables, some elite varieties of F1 hybrid have also been bred. Experiments Three experiments were conducted in a manner which will be described in detail below, with the use of flowering plants. Plant . Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Varieties: Kitawasesoba, Kitayuki, Botansoba, Shinanonatsusoba, Shatilovskaya 5, Ballada, Sumchanka, Hokkai No.3 Pollinator: Stinging fly Experiment 1 Operation long-styledflower plants of Kitawasesoba (a kind 15 of buckwheat) just after their flowering were covered with a cage so that insects may be prevented from flying thereinto. Then, blossomedflowers were removed and 100 stinging flies were introduced into the cage. 90 days later, maturing plantindividuals were harvested, 20 the number of racemes and the number of seeds produced were counted. The harvested seeds were then sowed in a green house or on a field, and their styles were observed. Meanwhile, a natural pollination was conducted under a natural condition. Then, after arriving at their complete maturation, 20 plants are randomly selected, the number of racemes and the number of seeds produced were counted. Results In this experiment it was able to obtain desired seeds by forcefully conducting a mating process among a group of buckwheat individuals consisting only of long-styled flower plants, as shown in Table 1. It was found that although an amount of seeds produced in the present experiment is greatly different from one individual to another, seeds were produced from almost all the buckwheat individuals. Further, it was found that after the above seeds was sowed in a green house and on a field which is sufficiently separated from other buckwheat fields, the desired seeds were obtained through an hybridization among buckwheat individuals consisting only of long-styled flower plants (the plants investigated were all long-styled flower plants), as shown in Table 2. As indicated in Table 2, when the plants derived from the seeds of the plants grown in Cage 1 and Cage 2 were cultivated under a natural condition, it was found that desired seeds were produced. Referring again to Table 2, although the numberof yielded seeds with respect to each raceme was only 1/2 of that obtainable under a condition when long-styled flower plants and short-styledflower plants are cultivated in a mixed manner, it is allowed to consider that sufficient seed growth and sufficient line maintenance had already been achieved. In this way, it is sure to establish a practically useful method for producing and maintaining a line consisting only of long-styled flower plants. The above desired seeds obtained in the present experiment are intended to serve as a seed parent line consisting only of long-styled flower plants. N OJ ,~,~o U ~U C ~.~U o U ~z O I U_ ~ ~ N-~-~ I.~ c~ c~ C~M C~7 l' O O Gz' zo o~y Ucd 0 ,~ p.., ~ N h0b~ U . U H~, s-. s-, .~c~i c~ c~ ~ U C.,' '~ '' I 07 c0 OtI7 M O0.. ~U.~v~U O~, ~ a~a~ o , ~~I r~ .~ W ~ co ~ o NV N ,-a z~ oc~ a~~., U I Lf r-i Cfl J ~ +~' I W O~ N CO N~~ ~ ~ _ '--~ '~ ~~_c~ ''z U O p.., . O "' 'a-~ ~' N ~ N CnO ~ I I .~SU Cn ~ ~ I ~ U ~ d' O .n ~ o 0 o I'~ '~ I~ 3 ~.'' H o ~ ~, 0 0 o I ~w~ ~ ~ o o ~ ' 0 o I 0~ ~'..-. ~ o ~ 0 w 0., ~ a~ U ~ o a~a~~'-' ~~cfl0 0 a~ ~' N O O I H Uc~i _ N O ~E C7 f~ w U Experiment 2 Qperation With the use of a method which is the same as that used in Experiment l, a mating process is conducted within each of six groups consistinct of six kinds of buckwheat (Kitayuki, Botansoba, Shinanonatsusoba, Shatilovskaya 5, Ballada, Sumchanka), with the use of six cages. These six kinds of buckwheat are those produced at home and abroad, and consist only of long-styled flower plants. After arriving at their complete maturation, 20 plant individuals are randomly selected from each group, the number of flowers and the number of seeds produced were counted. Results Similar to Experiment 1, although an amount of seedsproducedinthe present experiment is different from one individual to another, the plants of the six kinds were all able to produce seeds during the above mating process, as shown in Table 3. As can be understood from Table 3, it is possible to produce plant lines consisting only of long-styled flower plants regardless of a genotype. U Q~ Q~ U7 ca OC~"'~t1~ ~ N CO U ~ ~y nm ~ ~ cu 00 0 0 ,--~ zo I a~ ~ N ~~Ic~ ~~, O d'' N c~ 0~ mO ~ N 07 N N C~'7 W O o ~,z .r., ~ o o "~ x axo o a U7 ~y _ '.~,~ U O Experiment 3 A group of Kitawasesoba plant individuals involving only long-styled flower plants are planted on different positions which are separated 0 - 12 m from a pollen source of a common Kitawasesoba containing long-styled flower plants and short-styled flower plants. Further, another kind of buckwheat plants (Hokkai No.3) were planted among the above plants. Then, a mating process was conducted under a natural condition. Upon maturation, 20 plant individuals were randomly selected, the number of racemes and the number of seeds produced were counted. Further, 100 seeds were randomly selected from the above seeds, sowed in a green house and cultivated there, and their styles were investigated. Results Since it is well known that hybrid seeds will not be produced through hybridization between Kitawasesoba plants and Hokkai No.3 plants, because the formeris a diploid and the latter is a tetraploid. Thus, the seeds on the investigated plants were produced either through pollination due to pollen from pollen source of a common Kitawasesoba, or by hybridization among only long-styled flower plants 1'7 within the same test area. As shown in Table 4, the farther away a test area is from a pollen source, the more difficult will it be for a pollination (by the pollen source) to occur. As a result, a longer distance between a test area and a pollen source will result in a lower efficiency of seed formation in the test area. Further, it was found that the plants of the next generation grown from the above seeds obtained in the above test areas had involved long-styled flower plants and short-styled flower plants in a ratio of 1: 1. This means a fact that almost all the seeds obtained in the present experiment in the above test areas were fertilized by pollens of short-styled flower plants. As is understood from this experiment, if a group consists only of long-styled flower plants, and if there is a possibility for the group of plants to accept a pollination from short-styled flower plants, a fertilization by the pollen from short-styled flower plants will be prior to a fertilization by the pollen from long-styled flower plants. Namely, if, in the vicinity of a line A consisting only of long-styled flower plants, there is planted a line B containing short-styled flower plants, almost all the plants of line A (or 100 0 of the plants of line A) will be fertilized by pollen from line B, thereby obtaining F, hybrid seeds with a high efficiency. V +~ I ~--~ cn CO N cfl ~ ~ t1~m o ~ w a~ a U .-. s., s-. N c9 N N GO ,~ cm .r~~ ~W ..m n r~w a~ ~ 0 0. , i ':-, ~o co co cfl~. co 0 N O~ 07 o _ C~ .O -S~- GL C~ C~ ~ ~ ~ -, O , 5-r l-r O y O C'~O ~ O C~J .O (' d' d''C'~ NCC$ C'S CC$ ~-C O . a~ 3 c~ 3 v~c ~ 0.' U T3 W Um ,-~t' ~ N O Q) U d'' Cr7.~ ,-i~ .-i z ~ ~~ U O d''~ N c0 O ..-, O N d' N 07 N As is understood from the above description, with the use of the above-described method of producing F_ hybrid seeds, it is possible to produce F, hybrid seeds at an industrial level, allowing people to develop new plant varieties adapted to be produced with a high productivity and having a uniform quality. While the presently preferred embodiments of the this invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that these disclosures are for the purpose of explanation and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.' 1
    权利要求:
    Claims (3)
    [1] 1. A method of producing F1 hybrid seeds for plants showing a heteromorphic self-incompatibility, said method comprising the steps of:selecting long-styled flower plants from a group of plants showing a heteromorphic self-incompatibility;placing the selected long-styled flower plants in an isolated condition;conducting an artificial pollination or natural hybridization to effect a predetermined hybridization so as to breed a line consisting only of long-styled flower plants;conducting artificially or naturally a further hybridization within the above line under a condition where this line is isolated from other lines;proliferating seeds so as to produce a seed parent line consisting only of long-styled flower plants;planting a seed parent line (line A) consisting only of long-styled flower plants;planting, in the vicinity of line A, another line (line B) consisting only of short-styled flower plants or consisting of both the short-styled flower plants and long-styled flower plants; harvesting seeds of line A fertilized by pollen of line B, thereby producing F1 hybrid seeds through hybridization between line A and line B.
    [2] 2. A method according to claim l, wherein the plants showing a heteromorphic self-incompatibility include several cultivars of buckwheat.
    [3] 3. A method according to claim 2, wherein the several cultivars of buckwheat include Kitawasesoba, Kitayuki, Botansoba, Shinanonatsusoba, Shatilovskaya 5, Ballada, Sumchanka.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    JP2958457B1|1999-10-06|
    RU2158496C2|2000-11-10|
    AU712716B1|1999-11-11|
    CN1243665A|2000-02-09|
    PL330986A1|2000-02-14|
    SI20001A|2000-02-29|
    JP2000041511A|2000-02-15|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    FR2913304A1|2007-03-05|2008-09-12|Vilmorin Sa|PRODUCTION OF LACTUCA SATIVA HYBRID SEEDS|
    CN103340069B|2013-06-09|2018-11-02|陈庆富|The not selection and its implantation methods of shattering cymose buckwheat rhizome kind|
    CN105210853A|2015-10-28|2016-01-06|山西省农业科学院农作物品种资源研究所|Buckwheat breeding five garden method|
    CN105409541B|2015-11-30|2019-04-26|河北科技师范学院|A kind of cucumber in solar-greenhouse high-efficient breeding method|
    法律状态:
    1999-03-08| EEER| Examination request|
    2003-03-31| FZDE| Dead|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    JP10-220491||1998-08-04||
    JP22049198A|JP2958457B1|1998-08-04|1998-08-04|Production of hybrid seeds of the first generation and production, maintenance and propagation of seed parent lines|
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